Now the implicit value of x for the traditional universal statements is 0 while the value for the particular statements is 1 because, as is noted above, the use of 0 in the particular forms would produce tautologies. Accordingly, the traditional forms now become:
Universal Affirmative | All A are B | At least ∀-0 A are B |
Universal Negative | No A are B | At most ∅+0 A are B |
Particular Affirmative | Some A are B | At least ∅+1 A are B |
Particular Negative | Some A are not B | At most ∀-1 A are B |