The Traditional Statements

Now the implicit value of x for the traditional universal statements is 0 while the value for the particular statements is 1 because, as is noted above, the use of 0 in the particular forms would produce tautologies. Accordingly, the traditional forms now become:

Universal Affirmative All A are B At least ∀-0 A are B
Universal Negative No A are B At most ∅+0 A are B
Particular Affirmative Some A are B At least ∅+1 A are B
Particular Negative Some A are not B At most ∀-1 A are B